Economic Development, Environmental Economic Practices and Environmental Management in Gujarat

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Design and Strategic Synthesis of Some β-Carboline-Based Novel Natural Products of Biological Importance

β-Carboline compounds and their derivatives have attracted strong interest in medicinal chemistry due to their biological and pharmacological properties. Many bioactive β-carboline-based natural products have been found to be an important source of drugs and drug leads. β-Carboline has major players in natural products chemistry, which plays an important role in drug discovery. β-Carboline represents the core unit of several natural products, alkaloids, and bioactive compounds. The unusual and complex molecular architectures of natural products pose significant challenges to organic chemists and are a source of inspiration for the development of new organic reactions and innovative synthetic strategies. However, in many cases, β-carboline natural products are isolated in only minute quantities, and their constant supply from natural sources is problematic or virtually impossible. In addition, chemoselective derivatization of natural products themselves is usually quite difficult because of their sensitive and elaborate molecular structures, and access to their structural analogs is severely restricted in many cases. Since chemical synthesis is expected to be the only way to overcome these shortcomings, β-carboline natural products are rewarding synthetic targets for organic chemists. This chapter assimilates the reports pertaining to the synthetic applications of some β-carbolines for the synthesis of substituted and fused β-carbolines

Comparison of clinic-radiological and functional outcome of intra articular distal end radius fractures managed by volar locking plate versus external fixation

Background: Distal end radius (DER) fractures are most common fractures in upper limb. Intra articular fractures can be managed either by open reduction and internal fixation by volar locking plate or can be managed by closed reduction and external fixator application or by percutaneous pinning. The purpose of our study was to compare the functional outcome of volar locking plate with that of external fixation.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted between June 2019 to June 2020 in Government Medical College, Jammu on 46 patients with intra articular distal end radius fractures. Of which 26 were managed by volar locking plate and 20 were managed by external fixator. the results of both groups were compared on the basis of radiological parameter and range of motion achieved post operatively. The functional outcome was evaluated using DASH score and Gartland–Werley scale. Results: Final range of motion, grip strength were better in patients managed with volar locking plate (VLP) as compared to those who were managed with external fixator (EF). Radiographically, volar tilt, radial height were all better in VLP group than EF.Conclusions: We concluded that VLP is superior method to maintain reduction till the union occurs and prevents the fracture collapse in intra articular distal end radius fractures as compared with external fixator. Thus, giving better functional and radiological outcome than the external fixator

Inheritance of 16 Barley Characters and Their Linkage Relationships

The assignment of genetic factors to definite loci in the hereditary mechanism has been a great step in the progress of biology. Of the cereal crops, barley (Hordeum sp.), a crop of economic importance, offers a superior opportunity for genetic studies. Its adaptation to wide varieties of conditions, with a wealth of easily differentiated characters and only seven pairs of chromosomes, the barley plant provides excellent material for linkage studies. Although there is a vast amount of literature dealing with inheritance in barley, yet knowledge of the subject is still very limited. The mode of inheritance of about one hundred characters has been studied and linkage relations of nearly thirty-five characters have been made. The location of a relatively large number of them is still unknown. All the seven linkage groups are established and distinct viable characters are available in six of them, although but few in some cases. The desirability of making further studies in this crop is quite apparent. This manuscript contains the results of observations and experiments with sixteen characters which include three new characters not reported in the literature. All character pairs in each cross studied were checked for possible linkages or independence. The importance of such a study in the future improvement of the barley crop needs no emphasis

Comparative analysis of correction of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus by conventional and accelerated Ponseti method with minimum 12 months follow up in a tertiary care hospital in North India

Background: Congenital talipes equinovarus varus (CTEV) is one of the most common congenital anomalies of foot and ankle affecting 1/1000 live birth approximately. With a male dominance pattern, this deformity is bilateral in 50% cases. It has four basic components: cavus, adduction, varus and equinus. Severity of clubfoot is accessed using Pirani score (0 to 6). Insights into the basic pathoanatomy of this complex 3 dimensional deformity has helped to correct it using the method given by Ignacio Ponseti, a Spanish orthopaedician, in which serial manipulations of foot are done and weekly casts are applied, followed by a tendoachilles tenotomy in selected cases to correct the equinus component which is then followed by splintage of the feet in Steenbeek splint initially for 23 hours day for 3 months and then 12 hours a day for 3 years. The most important component of this treatment is parental counselling regarding the need for compliance with treatment which is often loophole responsible for relapse in initially corrected feet.Methods: This was a prospective study including 40 patients (61 feets) of idiopathic clubfoot with age <3 month at presentation who were randomly distributed in two groups, group 1 (accelerated Ponseti casting group) in which twice weekly casts were applied and group 2 (standard Ponseti casting group) in which weekly casts were applied. Initial Pirani score was calculated in all the patients and was rechecked and documented in every successive visit. All the patients were followed upto 12 months and there was no lost to follow up in this study.Results: The mean days of plaster duration in accelerated casting group was 18.45 days as compared to 47.25 days in standard casting group (statistically significant, p value <0.05). Also, Pirani score at the end of last follow up was comparable in both the groups. Tenotomy rate was slightly higher in accelerated casting group (89.5%) as compared to standard group (85.7%) which may be attributed to higher initial Pirani score in former (5.5) as compared to later (5.0).Conclusions: Accelerated biweekly Ponseti casting reduces the overall days of treatment with similar results compared to standard weekly casting regime

ESTIMATION OF BACOSIDE-A IN BACOPA MONNIERI AERIAL PARTS USING TLC DENSITOMETRY

Objective: The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate a stable, odour free garlic powder loaded floating matrix tablet for the treatment of peptic ulcers. Methods: A gastro-retentive floating matrix tablet (FMT) formulation of garlic powder (GP) was prepared using various concentrations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M (HPMC K4 M) and effervescent system (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid in 1:1 % w/w) to achieve desirable floating time (FT), floating lag time (FLT) and drug release. Wet granulation method was selected using ethanol as a binder for preparation of tablet. 32 full factorial designs were used for selection of suitable polymer concentration and effervescent system. Nonenteric film coating was applied to mask GP odour. Results: It was observed that FMT with optimum quantities of HPMC K4M and the effervescent system showed 97 % of drug release in 12 h with FT up to 10 h and minimum FLT of 3 min. There was no significant change in FLT, FT and drug content during the stability study of FMT. Conclusion: A stable, sustained release FMT of GP tablets using HPMC K4M and an effervescent system was successfully prepared. This formulation can overcome problems of taste and odour masking, gastric irritation, and loss of active constituents present in garlic

ESTIMATION OF BACOSIDE-A IN BACOPA MONNIERI AERIAL PARTS USING TLC DENSITOMETRY

Objective: To estimate bacoside A in Bacopa monnieri aerial parts using a validated TLC densitometric method.Methods: The content of bacoside A was estimated using standardized procedures. A standard curve was prepared by applying different concentrations of the marker. The estimation of bacoside A was achieved on precoated TLC plate using solvent system, i.e., toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: formic acid (3:3.5:2.5:1) followed by scanning at 225 nm. The developed method was validated for the parameters described in the ICH guidelines.Results: The content of bacoside A was determined to be 1.13±0.019% w/w in B. monnieri aerial parts. The instrumental precision, repeatability, linearity range, correlation coefficient, intra-day precision, inter-day precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and accuracy were found to be 0.61% CV, 0.87% CV, 150-900 ng, 0.998, 1.43% CV, 1.79% CV, 32 ng/spot, 92 ng/spot and 97.19±0.39% respectively.Conclusion: The developed method was found to be simple, economic, accurate, precise, and can be utilized for the quantitative as well as qualitative estimation of bacoside A in Bacopa monnieri.Â

A survey on Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

In ad-hoc WSN is a collection of mobile nodes that are dynamically and randomly located in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are changing on a continual basis. The dynamic nature of these networks demands new set of network routing strategy protocols to be implemented in order to provide efficient end-to end communication. Moreover, such issues are very critical due to severe resource constraints like efficient energy utilization, lifetime of network, and drastic environmental conditions in WSNs. Neither hop-by-hop nor neither direct reach ability is possible in case of WSNs. In order to facilitate communication within the network, a routing protocol is used. In this paper we have carried out an extensive survey on WSN protocols based on structure of network, routing protocol of network &amp; clustering techniques of routing protocols

Comments on Kumar et al. (2023), Evidence of Strain Accumulation and Coupling Variation in the Himachal Region of NW Himalaya From Short Term Geodetic Measurements. Tectonics https://doi.org/10.1029/2022TC007690

Kumar et al. (2023) in their article discuss and highlight the complexities involved in the comparison of long-term and short-term ongoing deformation in the Northwest Himalaya and their influence over the topographic evolution of the region. Their observations that rely largely on the GNSS geodetic results (Kumar et al., 2023) have also been the basis of conclusions presented in a companion paper by Malik et al., 2023a. The conclusions presented in the latter-mentioned paper have been questioned in a rejoinder by Singh and Rajendran (2023) and defended by Malik et al. (2023b). Below we present pointwise inconsistencies in the present study (Kumar et al., 2023) and the conclusions presented therein. We present our differing observations of the two segments of the fault system called the ‘Khetpurali-Taksal’ Fault (KTF-1 and KTF-2), as discussed in the paper by Kumar et al. (2023

Automated Delineation of Supraglacial Debris Cover Using Deep Learning and Multisource Remote Sensing Data

Funding: S.K. acknowledges funding from the DST-India via INSPIRE fellowship scheme (DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2017/IF170680). S.K. acknowledges funding from Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) funding ID 2021/22 (57552338).Peer reviewedPublisher PD